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The Fault in Our Stars focuses heavily on the experience of cancer patients. While John Green acknowledges that “disease and its treatment are treated fictitiously” in his novel, he nevertheless includes a number of medical terms and cancer-related discussions. Students might benefit from a preview of the medical vocabulary in the book, including such terms as metastasize, G-tube, PET scan, PICC line, cannula, BiPAP, and prosthetic. Students should also be reminded that the novel is fictional and does not represent the experience of all cancer patients. A good starting place might be this 2014 article on teen cancer patients reacting to the novel.
Allusions
Full understanding of the novel also requires familiarity with the title’s allusion. “The fault in our stars” refers to a line spoken by Cassius in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar: “The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.” The line refers to the ancient belief that a person’s fate was determined by the alignment of the stars upon their birth, much like the idea behind horoscopes today. In contradicting Cassius’ original line, The Fault in Our Stars announces its exploration of fate and free will. Students may benefit from an explanation of this Shakespearean allusion and a debate about its validity. As they continue reading, they will be able to make connections between the book’s title and its characters’ development.
In addition to its Julius Caesar reference, The Fault in Our Stars contains a number of other allusions to literature. The list below identifies some of the works mentioned in the novel. Consider pairing these with students’ study of the novel.
- “There’s a certain slant of light” by Emily Dickinson
- “J. Alfred Prufrock” by T. S. Eliot
- “Lady Lazarus” by Sylvia Plath
- “The Red Wheelbarrow” by William Carlos Williams
- “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird” by Wallace Stevens
- The prologue to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
- The Greek legend of Sisyphus
Essential Questions for The Fault in Our Stars
- What makes life meaningful?
- How should humans deal with death?
- What is the role of suffering in our lives?
- What makes someone a good friend?
- How much control do we have over our own lives? Is there such as thing as destiny?
- How can good literature and/or art help us better understand our lives?
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