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Structuralism and Functionalism
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- I will apply this method of testing to study the mind's processes as basic components to explain behaviour!
- THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF STRUCTURALISM AND FUNCTIONALISMPsychology emerged as a discipline when German scientist William Wundt decided to apply the scientific approaches from the natural sciences to the study of the mind.
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- William Wundt postulated that mental processes must be viewed in basic components to explain behaviour, and must be tested through introspection. His student Edward Titchener later built on that concept, and called it 'structuralism'.
- I'm Titchener. And I believe that sensation must be broken into four different properties: intensity, quality, duration, and extent. Furthermore, sensations give rise to perceptions, thoughts, and ideas, and introspection is the ONLY METHOD that should be applied to study these components of consciousness.
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- However, the theory of structuralism was opposed by American Psychologist William James who believed it was too subjective. The theory of functionalism, inspired by Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, was formulated in response to structuralism.
- I'm James and I find the use of introspection to be unreliable; this methodology would always alter what we are trying to measure.
- Moreover, we should study behaviour in evolutionary terms-why certain behaviours are beneficial to survival and evolutionary fitness and why others are not, rather than just examining their fundamental components.
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