Shortly after his inauguration, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 causing the Civil War. Lincoln responded by calling for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion, marking the official start of a four-year conflict that would test his leadership and the survival of the Union.
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The Emancipation Proclamation-
"All enslaved people are forever free!"
On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued this executive order, which declared that all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory were "forever free". This transformed the war from a fight for the Union into a revolutionary struggle for human freedom.
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"Of the People, By the People, For the People."
The Gettysburg Address
Delivering a brief speech at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in November 1863, Lincoln redefined the purpose of the war. He famously described the government as being "of the people, by the people, for the people," a phrasing that became a cornerstone of American identity.
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