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  • My Rule:A = TC = G
  • It was already known that the DNA molecule is a very long polymer and the units that make it up are nucleotides. There where four bases, but scientists hypothesized that there was an equal amount of all bases in all organisms. So, it was hard to explain if DNA was the genetic material.
  • In 1950, by analysing the DNA of several organisms, Erwin Chargaff found out that the proportions of the four bases differs a little between organisms. He also found out that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine.
  • Around that time, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins studied DNA using x-ray crystallography, and it showed a X surrounded by a circle. The pattern and angle suggested that DNA is a helix consisting of two strands that are a regular, consistent width apart. Wilkins showed the data to Watson and Crick without Franklin's consent, but it helped them discover DNA's structure.
  • ACCCAA C
  • TGGGTTG
  • In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick were more fascinated with the challenge of figuring out DNA's structure instead of the structure of proteins. They started making a model made from wood and metals to figure out the structure of DNA, yet the helix varied in width since they thought that the bases paired with each other, such as A with A or T with T.
  • With the data of other researchers, they decided to pair double-ringed nucleotides with single-ringed nucleotides. In this way, A goes with T and G goes with C. Making a model that fits like a puzzle.
  • In April 1953, they published their DNA model in the journal Nature. It can be described like a twisted ladder where strands are complementary. So, when one side is ACCCAAC, the other is TGGGTTG. This also explained Chargaff's rule.
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