There is a population of cows happily living in a pasture.
However, a typhoon hits the pasture and floods it. The cows were in a hurry to protect themselves and find shelter.
Run!
Where is my mom? Mom!
Where are the others going!
Due to this natural situation, the cows are separated and have been physically divided. Each side where they live is different, and as a result, the species will evolve differently.
Where did our home go? I can't find my mom!
When populations become geographically separated from the other members, it prevents alleles’ free flow. When that separation lasts for a period of time, the two populations can evolve in different directions. Thus, the cows continue to evolve and form new speciation.
Who is that? Why are they brown?
I think we were related to them. They must have evolved to be that color because of the grass!
The cows' allele frequencies gradually become increasingly different as new alleles independently arise by mutation in each population. Hence, the typhoon caused them to change throughout the years, and they are all thriving in their own environments.
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