Structuralism and Functionalism part 2
Texte du Storyboard
- Glisser: 1
- Despite being the first school of thought in psychology to help establish psychology as a science, structuralism's theory faced several criticisms. For instance, its experimental method of introspection was highly subjective, making its results unreliable and they were unable to be replicated by other scientists. Critics also argued that structuralism was too focused on internal behaviour, which was neither directly observable nor could be accurately measured.
- Structuralism helped to establish psychology as a separate science from philosophy. It also influenced the development of the modern field of experimental psychology and cognitive psychology.
- Yes, but its method of testing, which is introspection, is too subjective; it limits the accuracy of its results, neither can they be replicated by other researchers. Additionally, structuralism focuses primarily on internal behaviour, which cannot be observed directly nor measured accurately.
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- Functionalism was also a major influence on psychology. Modern fields such as evolutionary psychology, applied psychology, and behaviourism emerged out of the theory of functionalism. However, like structuralism, functionalism was not exempted from criticism.
- John Dewey's contribution to functionalism positively impacts education today: children are encouraged to learn at the level where they are developmentally prepared.
- Yes, but the theoretical constructs of functionalism are too vague, too inclusive. It is also difficult to test empirically; it overlooks important factors in studies such as holistic aspects of human experiences and subconscious processes. Thus, its results are unreliable.
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- While both theories of structuralism and functionalism are superseded today by later approaches, such as behaviourism, cognitivism, humanism, psychoanalysis, biological psychology, evolutionary psychology, cross-cultural psychology, experimental psychology, and so on, their impact on modern psychology remains evident. Structuralism helped to establish psychology as a distinct science, paving the way for experimental psychology and cognitive psychology. On the otherhand, evolutionary psychology, applied psychology and behavioural psychology all emerged as fields from functionalism.
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