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  • Good morning class, today we will belearning about a process called DNA replication! Specifically Transcription and Translation.
  • Sounds Boring :|
  •  DNA also known Deoxyribonucleic Acid is responsible for carrying out the genetic instructions for our bodies to function. It is a double helix, which means it has two strands wound around each other. DNA's nucleotides are made up of deoxyribose, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
  • I'm still confused. :(
  • Actually it is quite the opposite of boring Kevin. 
  • Transcription is the process where the information in the DNA strands is copied into a new molecule due to RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) The cell's machinery copies the gene sequence into messenger RNA (mRNA). Like DNA, mRNA has four nucleotide bases but uracil (U) replaces thymine (T)
  • Lastly Termination is when RNA polymerase reaches a termination sequence. The mRNA is finished and detaches from DNA
  • There are three steps in Transcription:  Initiation, Elongation and Termination.  Initiation begins when RNA polymerase binds to an area of the gene called the promoter.  This signals DNA to unbind. Once unbinded the enzyme can read one of the bases in the DNA strands. The enzyme can make an mRNA (Messenger RNA) strand with complementary bases.. 
  • Elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand.  This is when RNA polymerase builds the mRNA molecule using the complementary base pairs. In this process an Adenine from DNA is binded with a uracil from RNA
  • In translation the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and translates it to the protein amino acid sequence. The ribosome starts at sequence AUG and reads three nucleotides at a time. Each three-nucleotide codon specifies a particular amino acid. The "stop" codons (UAA, UAG and UGA) tell the ribosome that the protein is complete.
  • wow I guess that was not as boring as I thought it would be.  Who knew a natural occurring process in our bodies could be so intricate and complex!
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