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  • During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of Soviet nuclear bombs on Cuba, just 90 miles from the U.S.
  • In 1959, Cuba's leader, Fidel Castro, aligned his country with Russia. Under Castro, Cuba grew dependent on the Soviets for military and economic aid. During that time, the USA and the Soviet Union were fighting in the Cold War.
  • For American officials, everything escalated when Russia put nuclear missiles in Cuba, which was dangerously close to the US. The Soviets had long felt uneasy about the number of nuclear weapons that were targeted at them from Western Europe and Turkey, and they saw the disposal of missiles in Cuba as a way to level the playing field.
  • The US had already tried a failed attack on Cuba, the Bay of Pigs attack. From outside the crisis, President Kennedy decided that the missiles were unacceptable. Their challenge was to remove them without starting a nuclear war.
  • In deliberations that stretched on for nearly a week, they came up with a variety of options, including a bombing attack on the missile sites and a full-scale invasion of Cuba. But Kennedy ultimately decided on a more measured approach. First, he would employ the U.S. Navy to make a blockade of the island to prevent the Soviets from delivering additional missiles and military equipment. Second, he would deliver an ultimatum that the existing missiles be removed.
  • And so, this is how close we came to a nuclear war, and it is quite disturbing to think that we were merely two minutes, one commander's decision away, from nuclear war. And thus concludes the Cuban Missile Crisis.
  • Enormous tension, Soviet and American leaders found a way out of the situation. During the crisis, the Americans and Soviets had exchanged letters and other communications, and on October 26, Khrushchev sent a message to Kennedy in which he offered to remove the Cuban missiles in exchange for a promise by the U.S to not to invade Cuba. The following day, the Soviet leader sent a letter suggesting that the USSR would remove its missiles in Cuba if the Americans removed their missiles in Turkey.
  • A crucial moment in the crisis happened on October 24, when Soviet ships heading for Cuba neared the line of U.S. ships enforcing the blockade. An attempt by the Soviets to breach the blockade would likely have sparked a confrontation that could have quickly escalated to a nuclear battle. But the Soviet ships stopped short of the blockade.
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