Key Figures: U.S. Army, Bureau of Indian AffairsDate Range: 1850s-1880s
Context
Many Americans believed the West was empty land awaiting civilization. This belief shaped by Manifest Destiny and racial ideas of white superiority, ignored the presence of Native American tribes who had lived there for generations. This mindset justified federal expansion and set the stage for Native American displacement.
Skaidrė: 2
In the mid-to-late 1800s, the federal government adopted a concentration policy forcing Native Americans onto reservations. The goal was to clear land for white settlers and railroads while controlling tribes through military oversight and dependency on government aid.
Skaidrė: 3
Key Figures: General Philip Sheridan, Plains TribesDates: Destruction in the 1870s
By the 1870s, the U.S. government encouraged the mass slaughter of buffalo, a vital resource for Plains tribes like the Lakota and Cheyenne. Destroying the buffalo undermined Native economies, food sources, and culture, forcing tribes to rely on government rations.
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