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  • Sure Grandpa. I want to know everything you know because I want to be like you in the future. 
  • I will further explain the Evidence from Fossil Records first before we proceed on the evidence depicting the comparative anatomy and genetic information. 
  • Fossils are traces of organisms that lived in the past and were preserved by natural process or catastrophic events. They can be remains of organisms which include bones, shells, teeth and also feces embedded in rocks, peat, resin, and ice. 
  • Another method is through radiometric dating. It s a method used to determine the age of rocks using the decay of radioactive isotopes present in rocks. All organisms have decaying carbon-14 in it. Plants and animals that are still alive constantly replace the supply of carbon in their body and the amount of carbon-14 in their body stays the same . When an organism dies, carbon-14 starts to decay. Carbon dating is used to tell the age of organic materials. Art collectors use carbon dating to determine if a piece of art work is genuine or not. 
  • Paleontologists also make initial estimates of the age of rocks by comparing them with the rock layers of sedimentary rocks. The younger sedimentary rock layer is assumed to be found on top and the older rock is found at the bottom layer. Fossils found at the bottom layer are assumed to be older than those on the up per layer. This process is called relative dating method. 
  • Era is the largest division of Geologic Time Scale, namely Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. Era is further divided into Period. 
  • I don't know Grandpa, I haven't heard of that word yet. 
  • Hmm, I see. Geologic Time Scale shows the major events in earth's history. It also shows the appearance of various kinds of organisms  in a particular period of time on earth.
  • Grandson, how does the geologic time scale show Earth's history?
  • So the discipline of comparative anatomy is vital in understanding relationships among creatures?
  • What is Comparative anatomy, grandpa?
  • Comparative anatomy is another hint of evolutionary concept were structures from different species which have similar internal framework, position, and embryonic development are homologous. 
  • Indeed! I'm glad that you're learning my dear!
  • Let's proceed to Comparative Anatomy my dear. 
  • RRRWOOOF!
  • Homologous structures may perform different functions in the species living in the different environment , or it may have the same origin but different functions 
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