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Montāžas Teksta

  • -The Postwar World-
  • -The Marshall Plan-
  • First Cargo of Carribean Sugar Shipped Under Marshall Aid
  • -The United Nations-
  • After World War II the United States came out as a leading world power. Everything was strong for the United States but the rest of the world, the story was different. World War II left many European countries in ruins and factories, homes, stores, and much more destroyed. People would live in cellars or shacks or on the street. They would mostly have no food to eat. About 20 million people left their countries and were roaming around Europe, homeless. Wherever armies had marched, the landscape had been destroyed. Great Britain, France, Germany and Japan had been major powers before the war happened. In the post war they no longer were and the United States stood alone as the only major nation not weakened by the war. However the Soviet Union had also emerged as a great power and the rivalry began.
  • -A Divided Europe-
  • In June 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall proposed a plan for rebuilding Europe and strengthening its economy. He described this plan by saying that "Its purpose would be the revival of a working economy of the world." Marshall explained the countries that chose to take part would draw up the program. The United States would pay all of the costs and this plan became known as the Marshall Plan. Seventeen countries met in July 1947, the Soviet Union was not one of them. The Soviet Union accused the United States of using the Marshall Plan to try to take over Europe. The countries that were under the Soviet influence refused to participate. In 1948 Congress approved the Marshall Plan. Over the next years, the United States provided 13 billion in aid to Europe.
  • -The Berlin Airlift-
  • After World War One, the Allied countries had created the League of Nations. The United States did not join. Ultimately, the League of Nations proved too weak to stop World War ll from happening. Now many countries, including the United States, said they were eager to form a new world organization to promote peace. On October 24, 1945, they founded the United Nations. The UN would soon be tested because relations were growing worse between the Soviet Union and the West which is the countries that opposed Soviet expansion after WWll. The west included the United States and the countries in western Europe. In 1947 the president Truman announced the Truman Doctrine. which stated that the United States would protect any nation from invasion or control by an outside power. This was a warning to the Soviet Union.
  • -A New Kind of War-
  • As World War ll was ending, the Soviet army fought its way across eastern Europe into Germany. After the war, the Soviets set up communist systems in the countries of Eastern Europe. As a result, Europe was divided between capitalism in the West and communism in the East. Former British leader Winston Churchill described this divided world. In a famous speech in March 1946, he said, "An Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent." The Iron Curtain meant the closing off of Eastern Europe from Western Europe. Western countries feared the Soviet armies on the other side of the Iron Curtain. In 1949, the West formed a military alliance which is called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO. If one of the NATO countries were attacked the others pledged to aid it. In 1955, the East also formed a treaty called the Warsaw Pact.
  • Germany had been split into zones after the war. The Soviets controlled East Germany. The French, British, and Americans controlled West Germany. The capital, Berlin, was split in a similar way and the roads in to Berlin would pass through Soviet-held land. The Soviets tried to cut off the West's access to Berlin by setting up a blockade. The United States had found a way to go over the blockade. They would fly in supplies like food, fuel, machinery and other goods. It was called the Berlin Airlift and it had kept the people of West Berlin supplied for nearly a year. Tensions had risen and stayed high. In May 1949, the Soviets finally lifted the blockade. The Soviet would not let the people of East Germany go out of the country, but some of them would still escape from it. To stop their people from leaving they built the Berlin Wall in 1961. Barbed wire was on top of the wall and guards would watch it day and night. The Soviet Union would work hard to keep control of Eastern Europe and it also tried to expand communism.
  • The two sides would not fight in the traditional war and their struggle would usually not involve any weapons. They would fight this Cold War for 40 years. A crisis would put both sides on edge but they wouldn't attack each other directly. The Americans and Soviets would mostly fight the war with Propaganda. Both of them would spread their influence to their own people and the other countries. Overall, the conflict never ended up being an actual war.
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