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- Helicase, Primase, DNA Polymerase, and Ligase are only a few of the enzymes that are involved in DNA replication. I won't go into great detail about how it all goes together, but I will discuss the general procedure.1. Unwinding of double-stranded DNA2. A replication fork is the point where the unwinding molecules meet.3. The previous strand is paired with complementary bases to generate a new strand.4. There are two molecules created.Each strand of DNA has one new and one ancient strand. “Semi-conservative”
- Hey student's. today we will be discussing DNA/RNA!
- DNA refers to deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA contains the majority of the genetic code required for all surviving member species' growth, activity, including replication.
- UnderstandingDNA/RNA
- DNA ligase: Okazaki fragments are joined together to create a constant strand.
- RNA Primase: Across the leading and lagging strands, creates an RNA primer.
- DNA polymerase: Just on parent strands, it constructs complimentary nucleotides.
- DNA Helicase: Breaks hydrogen bonds to unfold the double helix.
- Wait! Is DNA the single stranded or double stranded? And can you explain more about the Enzymes involved?
- DNA would be a double helix, meaning it is made up of 2 strands that are looped around together. Sugar molecule, phosphorus, as well as a nitrogenous bases make up the nucleotides of DNA.
- Information Box!
- Structures
- Nucleotides connect to nitrogenous bases, deoxyribose, and the phosphate backbone. Each strand of DNA and RNA has four nitrogenous bases, 3 of these are the same (cytosine, adenine, and guanine), as well as one being unique. DNA has Thymine and RNA contains Uracil. A ribosome is comprised of two subunits, one large and one small. There are three portions labelled E, P, and A sites inside the major subunit.
- Yes, your correct Izabella! It's important to think about how DNA replicates. .
- Miss Jane, will answer your question.
- I can help answer that question for you Izabella. The enzymes which make DNA are known as DNA polymerases. Throughout DNA replication, helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, and ligase are involved. Several of these enzymes, function to separate a single - stranded DNA molecule into two complementary DNA strands. Transcription originates in the nucleus, translation takes place in the cytoplasm.
- Miss, What about RNA? Where is the location of the cell?
- Transcription begins when RNA polymerase attaches to a promoter region at the start of a gene. RNA polymerase uses many of the "template strands" of DNA to build a new, complementary Strand structure. The final stage in the transcription process is known as "termination".
- The DNA strands divide once transcription begins, allowing the RNA to generate a duplicate.
- I'll begin to get into the specific's now, so pay attention.
- The cell's functions translates the gene sequence into messenger RNA in the nucleus. mRNA contains four nucleotide bases, similar to DNA, except as we learned in our DNA replication unit uracil replaces thymine.
- The RNA polymerase will start creating a copy immediately as the promoter area is empty. When a cell is told to make a particular protein, millions of copies are required.
- Even as RNA polymerase starts to unravel the DNA, it starts production of the RNA complementary strand, known as mRNA. On a single DNA strand, several RNA polymerases can produce mRNA.
- I will explain translation. During translation, the ribosome constructs the mRNA structure and transforms it to the amino acid structure of the protein. Starting at sequence AUG, the ribosome processes three nucleotides at a time.Each three-nucleotide codon specifies a distinct amino acid. So when final codons UAA, UAG, and UGA are supplied, the ribosome recognizes that the protein is complete.
- I'm confused though, what actually happens in translation?
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