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- The Hypothalamus is responsible for releasing hormones and maintaining homeostasis in the body.
- Hypothalamus
- In the menstrual cycle the hypothalamus produces Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
- GnRH are released into blood vessels that travel to the pituitary gland
- The Pituitary Gland secrets hormones into the bloodstream to act as messengers to send information to other cells. The Pituitary Gland sends signals to regulate the organs functions.
- Pituitary gland
- The FSH and LH control the levels of hormones produced by ovaries and control the maturation of an egg during the menstrual cycle.
- In the Pituitary Gland, GnRH stimulates the production of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH).
- The ovaries release eggs into the female reproductive tract at the mid-point of each menstrual cycle. As the eggs matures, the cells in the follicle rapidly divide. When the follicles develop, they produce the hormone estrogen. The egg is released and the empty follicle that is left in the ovary is called the corpus luteum. This releases the hormones progesterone and estrogen.
- Ovary
- Estrogen and Progesterone
- Progesterone is a hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy during ovulation. Menstruation begins when progesterone levels drop because there is no fertile egg.
- During the menstrual cycle, estrogen level rise through the middle of the cycle. This triggers the release of an egg. This level then quickly decreases after ovulation. The decrease in the hormones level signal the endometrium layer to shed which causes menstrual bleeding.
- During ovulation the uterus lining forms and thickens for a potential fertilized egg. If the egg is not fertilized the body will shed the lining. Menstrual blood will then flow from the uterus to the cervix and out your body through the vagina.
- Uterus
- The menstrual cycle is an example of a negative feedback loop because the rising hormone levels feedback to the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland to decrease hormone production. The stimulus in the menstrual cycle is the reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone in a female's body at the end of the previous menstrual cycle.The signal in the menstrual cycle is the Estrogen hormone. The three main types of estrogen (estradiol, estriol, and estrone) will bind to the receptor molecules in the cell. The response in the menstrual cycle is an egg released during ovulation. If the egg is fertilized it will implant in the uterus and the woman becomes pregnant. if the egg is not fertilized it will dissolve and the menstrual cycle will start all over again.
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