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- The body has 3 different lines of defence against pathogens. The first two lines are a general, non-specific defence and the 3rd is designed for specific pathogens
- Tears, salvia and mucus are used to trap and flush out or swallow to prevent the pathogen from getting into the body.
- The skin is the physical barrier that stops most pathogens unless a wound is opened
- Stomach acid is used to kill off pathogens that have been swallowedit can cause an infection.
- Cilia are very small hairs that line the airways. These push mucus and trapped pathogens out of the airways.
- Inflammation occurs when the skin is red  and swelled. This is because more blood is sent to the infected area which contain white blood cells that fight pathogens.
- A fever is when the body increases its core body temperature above 38 C. It involves sweating and shivering and is designed to kill off pathogens or slow them down. 
- Phagocytes are type of white blood cells that engulf or swallow pathogens.
- The body has a 3 lines of defence that prevent the body from catching a pathogen. These defences can be physical or chemical and can be a general defence or specific. 
- Special white blood cells called B Cells are dispatched to lookout for pathogens and identify them
- Special white blood cells called B Cells are dispatched to lookout for pathogens and identify them
- Pathogen
- Antibody
- The First Line of Defence: The purpose of the first line of defence is to stop pathogens from entering the body, through using mucus to skin to urinating. It is a general, non-specific defence
- The Second Line of Defence: The second line of defence is also a general non-specific defence to a pathogen. The second line of defence occurs once the pathogen has already entered the body.
- Third Line of Defence Pt 1: The third line of defence is a specific targeted defence against individual pathogens. This line of defence has several steps in order to recognise the pathogen and fight it properly. 
- B Cell
- B Cells produce special proteins known as antibodies. These bind on to antigens which is a unique marker on a pathogen which identifies it.
- After the B cell attaches to the pathogen, it multiples itself and produces millions of antibodies. These antibodies attack and neutralize the pathogen.
- Third Line of Defence Pt 3: Once the infection is defeated, there are leftover B Cells, which turn to memory cells, and antibodies. These become your immune system's memory of the pathogen.  
- If you get infected by the same pathogen again, the pathogen is killed faster and stronger previous because the body is used to the pathogen. This is how you become immune to a disease or pathogen.
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