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  • More than one and a half million African Americans served in the United States military forces during World War II. They fought in the Pacific, Mediterranean, and European war zones, including the Battle of the Bulge and the D-Day invasion.Stereotypingand discrimination meant that most African American soldiers were never placed in active combat roles; they were assigned mostly to labor-intensive service positions with little responsibility. They were often issued less equipment and fewer supplies than their white counterparts.Yet, once World War II began, thousands of African Americans rushed to enlist, intent on serving the nation that treated them as second-class citizens. They were determined to fight to preserve the freedom that they themselves had been denied.
  • The campaign was an effort of the paper to bring about changes in the United States in regard to race relations. The campaign demanded that African Americans, who were risking their lives in the war, be given full citizenship rights at home. The genesis of the campaign was a letter sent to the Courier by James G. The Double V Campaign's goals were simple, illustrated by their Double V logo. The two-front war's aims were to end racism at home and to defeat the Axis Powers. At home, A. Phillip Randolph and the NAACP demanded that President Roosevelt desegregate the government industries in which so many African Americans worked The idea behind the slogan was that while African American soldiers fought for freedom abroad, the Double V Campaign fought for freedom for African Americans at home. The campaign promoted “double” victory that meant defeating fascism and Nazism abroad, while also defeating Jim Crow and inequality at home.
  • Why did WWII push equality for African Americans to the forefront again? Showcase the power of the Double V Movement
  • In the spring of 1941, hundreds of thousands of whites were employed in industries mobilizing for the possible entry of the United States into World War II. Black labor leader A. Philip Randolph threatened a mass march on Washington unless blacks were hired equally for those jobs, stating: “It is time to wake up Washington as it has never been shocked before.” To prevent the march, which many feared would result in race riots and international embarrassment, President Franklin Roosevelt issued an executive order that banned discrimination in defense industries. His Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941, established the Committee on Fair Employment Practices (known as FEPC) to receive and investigate discrimination complaints and take appropriate steps to redress valid grievances. The fight against fascism during World War II brought to the forefront the contradictions between America’s ideals of democracy and equality and its treatment of racial minorities.
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