in January 1492, the Genoese sailor Christopher Columbus stood before the Spanish court with a daring plan;he would find a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic ocean.The plan was that changed the course if history. He began his journal by restating the deal he had stuck with Spain.
the European system of colonization-the establishment of distant settlement controlled by the parents country-was established long before Columbus set sail for Hispaniola. During the crusades , Italians from venice had taken over Arab sugar farms in what is now Lebanon.by the late 1400s, the portguese had colonized the canary islands
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE The voyages of Columbus and others led to theintroduction of new plants and animals to Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Shipstook plants and animals from the Americas back to Europe and to Africa andbrought items from the Eastern Hemisphere to the Western Hemisphere. Thisglobal transfer of living things, called the Columbian Exchange, began withColumbus’s first voyage and continues today.