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- The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations- Established in 1945 by the UN Charter and began work in 1946 - Replaced the Permanent Court of International Justice under the League of Nations- Located in the Netherlands
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- Has 15 judges-Judges are elected for 9-year terms by both the UNGA and the UNSC- President Nawaf Salam (Lebanon)- Vice-President Julia Sebutinde (Uganda)
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- Only countries can be parties in cases. individuals and companies cannot file cases- Countries must consent to the court's jurisdiction before hte ICJ can hear a dispute- Decisions are binding on the countries involved in the case- Each country gets one vote per judge, and rulings are decided by majority vote- If a country does not follow a ruling, the issue can be taken to the UNSC- The court uses international law, including treaties, customs, and general legal principlesOne pending case is South Africa VS. Israel - Filed in December 2023 by South Africa against Israel-South Africa alleges Israel violated hte GEnocide Convention during military operations in Gaza Strip-Israrl denies the accusations and argues it is acting in self-defense against Hamas-The ICJ has issued provisional measures, so the case is still pending

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