The sensorimotor phase occurs between the years 0–2. Through this period, the baby creates an understanding of their surroundings by using its senses. It also develops object permanence, recognizing that an object still exists even if they don’t see it.
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The preoperational phase is divided into two stages: symbolic function (2–4 years), where children use elements to represent things; and intuitive thought (4–7 years), where they ask “why,” but reasoning is not logical yet. At this stage, they remain egocentric.
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Next is the concrete operational stage. It happens between the ages of 7 and 11, and is characterized by the use of logic in specific situations. In this phase, children develop inductive reasoning,and are able to understand conservation and classification. At this point, abstract and deductive thinking are not fully developed.
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The last stage is the formal operational stage, in these phase abstracts, hypothetical and deductive thinking develops. Adolescents gain metacognition and start the reasoning process. Their social awareness increases and their egocentrism influences their thinking.
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