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  • היכנס הירשם כמורה הירשם כאדם פרטי

Dement and Kleitman

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Dement and Kleitman
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  • שקופית: 1
  • Dement and Kleitman
  • The aim was to:
  • 1. Does dream recall differ between REM and nREM sleep.2. Is there a positive correlation between subjective estimate of dream duration and the actual length of REM sleep.3. Are patterns of eye movement related to the visual content of dreams.
  • שקופית: 2
  • Methodology
  • This was a lab experiment that contained a repeated measures design.
  • Aim 1IV: woken during REM or nREMDV: ability to recall a dream.
  • שקופית: 3
  • Opportunity sampling
  • There were 7 adult males and 2 adult females (9 in total)
  • שקופית: 4
  • Quantitative data was collected from EEG and EOG. Qualitative data was collected from the self-reports of the participants' dreams.
  • 1. Participants slept in a dark, quiet lab room2. EEG electrodes were attached to the scalps of the participants3. EOG electrodes attached near the eyes to record eye-movement4. The participants then were woken several times randomly by doorbell
  • שקופית: 5
  • Results:
  • Aim 1: Dreams were remembered more often in REM sleep.-152/191 awakening from REM-11/160 awakening from nREM Aim 2: Participants could accurately estimate the amount of time dreams lasted (5 or 15 mins)Aim 3: Eye-movement patterns match dream content
  • שקופית: 6
  • Dreams were experienced only in REM.It’s possible to judge the length of our dreams.REM occurs in phases throughout the night.
  • Conclusion
  • שקופית: 7
  • Some strengths of the study were:-high control in the lab, which increased validity-objective measurements-reduced demand characteristics as participants were not told their eye movement patterns or sleep stage
  • Some of the weaknesses were:-low ecological validity-small sample size-participants may have lied on self-report
  • שקופית: 8
  • Ecological validity was low due the study being conducted in a laboratory setting, so the environment was controlled to the experimenters will.
  • שקופית: 9
  • Ethics was mostly positive as the participants’ initials were used to keep privacy, they were debriefed after the experiment, and there was no physical harm. However the loud noise from the doorbell may have caused stress.
  • שקופית: 10
  • This studied can be applied to the real-world by helping us understand sleep cycles better.
  • שקופית: 11
  • The study connects to individual v. situational due to dreaming being linked to biological REM sleep cycles. However, these sleep cycles can be disturbed from outside forces such as the doorbell sound used the wake the participants up.
  • שקופית: 0
  • Aim 2IV: waking after 5 or 15 minutes of REM sleepDV: perception of dream duration
  • Aim 3IV: eye-movement patternsDV: dream content
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