END MESO and START EGYPT
Storyboard Text
- It is simple to take Mesopotamian technological advances for granted because they seem so common to us today. However, at that time, Mesopotamian technology evidently drove the development of human culture. Throughout the Bronze Age, instruments and weapons became more effective than ever. Strong axes, swords, and daggers have been crafted from bronze. Mesopotamian technology also had an effect on agriculture and travel by land and ocean.
- The ox-drawn plow facilitated the cultivation of gigantic areas of land. Irrigation techniques pioneered by the Sumerians are still applied internationally. The wheel revolutionized transportation and the land business. Naval creation and Phoenician navigation did the same in the ocean by making known the predominantly Mesopotamian culture of Phenicia.
- With advancements like the abacus, Mesopotamian plobladores laid the foundations of mathematics and science. The abacus is a device that uses sliding beads to count. Those of Mesopotamia have also been among the first to make complicated calculations and develop a calendar.
- Also, they came up with number systems based on 60, which is what we use today to keep track of time. The application of mathematics made it possible for Mesopotamians to build moreand more intricate real estate, including the Mesopotamian cultural and technological masterpiece, the ziggurat.
- The flow of Nile water has been important to the culture that developed in Egypt. At about 4,132 miles in length, it is the longest flow of water in the world. It flows north from deep sources in Africa to the Mediterranean Ocean. 6 waterfalls, rock formations that create rough rapids, break the smooth course of the water flow.
- The 550 miles from the northernmost cataract to the Mediterranean Ocean formed the heart of ancient Egypt, which was separated into 2 different zones: the Upper (south) Nile and the Lower (north) Nile. The Lower Nile area comprised the Nile Delta, next to the Mediterranean. A delta is an area where a flow of water opens into some branches as it flows on its way to a body of water.
- The Nile was primarily a calm stream of water. Its current gently carried the boats under water flow, whereby the winds above it mainly blew water flow up, which made it easier for the boats to row under water flow or sail up water flow.
- Water has been the greatest gift from the Nile. Without it, there could be no agriculture in the desert of Egypt. Every year, distant rains sent a rush of water flowing under water into Egypt, causing the water flow to increase with the annual flood.
- About five thousand years ago, the lives many Egyptians revolved around cultivation. Along with raising livestock, Egyptians made a huge variety of crops such as wheat, barley, beans, among others. Fruits included grapes, dates, figs, and watermelons. The farmers grew flax to make clothing. Fish and birds were plentiful, and most Egyptians could eat nicely.
- The cycles of water flow the agricultural year. From July to October, the fields were all flooded, so the farmers decided to do different jobs while that happened. When the floods receded, farmers plowed the soft soil, scattered seeds, and used animals to trample the seeds into the ground
- The growing crops were carefully watered by means of irrigation. Farmers captured the flood water in artificial lakes and funneled it to the fields. Later, the shaduf (shuh-DOOF) facilitated the irrigation. This instrument was a long stick with a cube at one end and a weight at the other.
- Farmers could use a shaduf to effortlessly bring water to their fields. The cereal harvest started in mid-March. Throughout the hot summer that followed, farmers prepared their fields before the next flood.
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