Immune system castle defense.
Storyboard Tekst
- The defensive of Castle Immune system
- Yeah, it's the bodies defense against pathogens or disease. Yes there is the 1 line the 2 line and 3 line of defense.
- Hey, do you know what the immune system is? Did you know the immune system has 3 lines of defense much like the castle up a head.
- Defense line one
- The First line of Defense is skin but when that fails there is Mucus and cilia, which the mucus catches bacteria which then gets swept into the throat for coughing or swallowing.
- Don't forget about stomach acid! When bacteria gets swallowed our stomach acid breaks it down like hydrochloric acid! Much like this spooky forest is the castles first line of defense.
- This is what would be called a non-specific response. Well, time to move on to the second defense.
- There is also saliva, sweat, and tears, they contain certain chemicals that break down bacteria, but thousands still get through.
- Defense line two
- The second line of defense is the inflammatory response; when ever cells of tissues are damaged by physical, or chemical agent or pathogens, chemicals called histamines which begin inflammatory response. Much like this drawbridge.
- Yes, after that protective proteins attack bacteria directly stoping them from reproducing, then interferon helps by interfering with the bacterias ability to harm and infect. All of this is called a non-specific response.
- After that the phagocytes come to play by sending leukocytes to engulf them. Next the body sends more specific cells to destroy the bacteria they are called natural killer cells.
- The human body is made up of many different systems one of the most important is the Immune system.
- Second defense continued/Third defense intro.
- 3 line depends on 2 special types of lymphocytes, b and t cells, bT cells are capable of recognizing antigens because they have specific antigen receptors with special shapes allowing them to combine w/ particular antigens, we have a diversity of both cell types due to the millions of different antigens we encounter in our lifetime. The second line of defense is just like the tunnel is the second line of defense for the castle!
- Immunity is when the first two lines of defense fail specific lines of defense come to play. Specific defense(sd) don't ordinarily react to our own normal cells.
- The human body is like a PVC pipe;Food is digested within the whole in the tube but never actually enters into the solid plastic material. The inner tube is the digestive system, outer is skin plastic itself is the body. E.coli along with other harmless bacteria normally reside in the intestines and other areas like vagina and prevent pathogens from taking up residence. Only if a harmful strain of E.Coli is introduced and beaks through the first line of defense will we be harmed.
- Third defense B- cells
- The third line of defense is made of B-cells which are created and grow up in the bone marrow resides in lymph nodes and the spleen and circulate in the blood and lymph tissues.
- Capillaries dilate causing the skin to redden and warm up. Pyrogens released fever producing agents reach hypothalamus and temp rises. Pain receptors activate due to increased permeability of a capillaries allowing for proteins fluids to escape into affected fluids. Many types of Leukocytes destroy bacteria. Once engulfed the phagocyte breaks down the foreign particles apart in the organelle called lysosomes. In addition to the phagocytes the body also has natural killer cells a specific type of wbc that respond to cytokine messages or proteins that are important in cell communication, they attack the cell membrane of infected cell and inject enzymes known as granzymes it kills it by undergoing apoptosis, it happens because the body has self proteins on the surface to which they bind to the NK cells. Cells that are infected or have tumors undergo changes to their proteins and then get killed because of it.
- Third defense T- cells.
- T-cells are made in bone marrow and grow up in thymus, the help rid viruses and cancer cells they are different than b cells cause they can’t recognize an antigen without help. Like how this fire wall is the last defense for the castle.
- Protective proteins directly attack bacteria preventing them from reproducing, it does this through complement system of free floating proteins that compliment certain immune responses. In addition the protective proteins can join to form a membrane attack complex that produces holes in the surface of bacteria and fluids and salts are injected until it pops. Interferon: viruses enter body cells, hijack the organelles and turn the cell into a virus making factor, that will eventually burst releasing thousands of viruses and new cells virus infected body cells release interferon to nearly non-infected cells of virus.
- Yeah, it is said that our immune system can tell self from non-self, and usually takes 5-7 days to become fully activated.
- B-cells are created and grow up in the bone marrow resides in lymph nodes and the spleen and circulate in the blood and lymph tissues, activated b cells binds to a specific antigen with the help of cytokines t helper t cells goes through mitosis many times creating clones known as plasma cell, the clones in turn, create antibodies capable of mixing with and neutralizing a particular antigen, this is known as antibody-mediated immunity .after the threat has passed some plasma cells go through apoptosis and become memory cells if the same antigen comes around again the memory cells divide and give rise to more plasma cells that are able to quickly produce the correct type antibodies.
- Yeah, that a small part of this specific immune response. It is kinda like how this is one of the third lines of defense for the castle!
- T-cells are made in bone marrow and grow up in thymus, the help rid viruses and cancer cells they are different than b cells cause they can’t recognize an antigen w/o help, they need an antigen-presenting cell,ACP, such as a macrophages to help the process, t-cells with specific receptor site, gets activated when mixed w/ specific antigen, t cells makes clones either with cytotoxic cells(killer cells) or helper t cells to rid of antigen quickly. Cytotoxic t cells are a type of t cell that binds to the virus infected cell or tumor cell, perforates the cell membrane, delivers granzymes (enzymes) into the pore and cause apoptosis; helper t cells secrete enzymes chemicals known as cytokines that enhance the response of all types of of immune cells AIDS infects t helper cells and other cells inactivating the IS and making those individuals more susceptible to infections.
- Yeah, they need an antigen-presenting cell ACP, such as a macrophages to help the process, t-cells with specific receptor site then gets activated when mixed with a specific antigen. The t cells makes clones either with cytotoxic cells(killer cells) or helper t cells too rid of antigen quickly. Just like this fire!
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