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- Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron. As Coulombic Attraction increases, the Atomic Radius decreases.
- This can be thought of like gravity. The higher the gravity of a planet, such as Saturn, the closer the rings are. This in turn causes the radius to decrease.
- For example, Hydrogen has a radius of 53 picometers, where as potassium has a radius of 280. Moving across Potassiums period, we already know potassium has a radius of 280, and we can find out that Calcium has a radius of 231.
- Moving across a period, the electronegativity of the elements increase. Looking at Potassium and Calcium again, potassium has an electronegativity of .82, where as Calcium has an electronegativity of `1. Moving down a group such has hydrogen's, Hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.2, and sodium has an electronegativity of .93. We see this trend due to the atomic radius and coulombic attraction. The smaller the radius, the greater the pull can be on the electron
- The shielding effect has an effect on electronegativity because the inner electrons repulse the outer electron making the actual pull on it from the nucleus weaker. This is essentially basic magnetism, and we can understand it better with magnets.
- As a kid, we would always try to push two of the same ends of a magnet together, that is essentially what is happening with shielding. The electrons push against each other because they all have negative charges, at the same time that the positive proton is trying to pull the electron.
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