Being able to model atoms is an important skill for students to acquire at the beginning of a unit. The elements that make up a chemical, the bonds between the atoms, and the way the atoms are arranged can give us an insight into the properties of the substance. Using ball and stick models can also allow students to ‘see’ the chemicals and give them a better understanding of its composition.
In this activity, students will create a chart that models different types of substances. Students will need to understand the terms atoms and bonds in order to complete this activity. They should create three models each for elements, compounds, and mixtures.
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Student Instructions
Create models of different substances using the ball-and-stick-model symbol from Science > Symbols.
Engage students by connecting abstract science concepts to real-world items. Using familiar objects helps students visualize atoms and molecules, making learning memorable and fun.
Collect items like colored marshmallows, gumdrops, or small balls for atoms and toothpicks or pipe cleaners for bonds. These materials are affordable and easy for students to handle.
Show students how to use one colored object for the nucleus and others for electrons. Connect with bonds using toothpicks. This hands-on example helps students understand atomic structure.
Ask students to create simple compounds (like H2O or CO2) and then try making mixtures by combining different 'atoms' without connecting all of them. This helps them see the difference between mixtures and compounds.
Guide students to consider what the physical models do and do not show (e.g., scale, movement, or actual chemical properties). This reflection encourages critical thinking about scientific models.
Elements are represented by single types of atoms, compounds show atoms of different elements bonded together, and mixtures display two or more substances (elements or compounds) combined but not chemically bonded in the model.
Use ball-and-stick models so students can visualize how atoms connect to form elements and compounds. Encourage labeling and charting each model for clearer understanding of atomic structure and bonding.
You'll need colored balls (for atoms), sticks (for bonds), and a chart or worksheet for labeling. Many online tools or physical kits are available for classroom use.
Modeling atoms helps students grasp abstract concepts like bonding and composition, and builds a strong foundation for more advanced chemistry topics.
Simple examples include oxygen (O2) for elements, water (H2O) for compounds, and a mix of iron filings and sulfur for mixtures. Choose familiar substances for maximum student engagement.