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i wonder why we look so different?
its because of melanin!
What is melanin?
Melanin is a natural pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. It’s responsible for the color of your skin, hair, and eyes, and it also plays a critical role in protecting the body from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
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Melanin is produced in melanocytes through a process called melanogenesis: The amino acid tyrosine is converted into DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine) by the enzyme tyrosinase. DOPA is then oxidized to form dopaquinone. Depending on the pathway, dopaquinone is transformed into either eumelanin or pheomelanin. Melanin is stored in small vesicles called melanosomes, which are then transported to the main cells in skin. In the skin, melanin clusters over the nucleus of cells, shielding DNA from UV damage.
skin
melanosome
melanin
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Melanin Protects Against UV Radiation By absorbing UV light, which prevents DNA mutations that can lead to skin cancer. Melanin also determines skin, hair, and eye color; The amount and type of melanin you have dictates your pigmentation for all three. Melanin can act as an antioxidant. By reducing oxidative stress in cells, it effectively neutralizes free radicals. Melanin also plays a Role in the Brain, Neuromelanin helps protect nerve cells from toxins and oxidative damage.

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