Valuable aspects of any work of literature are its themes, symbols, and motifs. Part of the Common Core ELA strands is to introduce and explain these complex concepts. Abstract ideas can be difficult for students to anatomize without assistance, but using a storyboard, students can visually demonstrate their understanding of these concepts, and master analysis of deep literary elements. For best practices, see our article with specific lesson plan steps on setting up your classroom and activities for themes, symbols, and motifs.

An example of this in the classroom could be to track the themes this novel uses to send a strong lesson to its readers.

Themes, Motifs and Imagery to Look For & Discuss

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Rich vs. Poor

A prevalent theme throughout literature is contrasts and comparisons between the rich and the poor. This theme focuses on the socio-economic differences between groups of people. Throughout the novel, these differences cause the major conflict between the gangs. The Greasers are poor, with their long hair slicked back, and the Socs, or Socialites, come from the west side of town known for its wealth. Although they may believe they are different, they all must face some similar challenges in life.

Loyalty and Honor

No matter what side a character is on, their group has a code. The Greasers uphold what they believe is right and fair. This can be seen when Johnny rescues the children, or when Dallas takes the heat for a crime his friend committed.

Girls

Throughout the novel, girls get a bad rap. Although no one is fighting directly over them, they seem to be a center of controversy and trouble. When lines are blurred, and a Soc girls starts talking to a Greaser, or when Sandy becomes pregnant with another man’s child, the message is clear: Hinton women cause conflict.

Reference to Literature

Throughout the novel the author uses allusions to literature such as Gone With the Wind and Great Expectations. For Ponyboy Curtis, characters create bonds with his friends and with the world he hopes to make sense of.

Literary conflicts are another major element often taught during ELA units. Building on prior knowledge to achieve mastery level with our students is important. An excellent way to focus on the various types of literary conflict is through storyboarding. Having students choose an example of each literary conflict and depict it using the storyboard creator is a great way to reinforce your lesson!

In The Outsiders conflict is not only present, but it is also a major recurring element. Much of the conflict that arises stems from the conflicts between gangs.

Examples of Conflict from The Outsiders

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MAN vs. SELF

Ponyboy's inability to understand the violence around him, and his struggle to find strength in the face of adversity.

MAN vs. SOCIETY

Even when Johnny and Ponyboy save the children from the church fire, they are not accepted by society. As Mr. Wood rides with them to the hospital, he judges and condemns them because of their gang affiliation. His prejudice upsets Ponyboy and sets him against traditional society.

MAN vs. MAN

Socs vs. Greasers!

Another great way to engage your students is to have them create a storyboard that uses vocabulary from The Outsiders. Here is a list of a few vocabulary words commonly taught with the novel and an example of a visual vocabulary board.

Vocabulary Words from The Outsiders

• stupor
• delirious
• madras
• bootlegging
• cowlick
• veered
• elite
• winced
• contemptuously
• nonchalantly
• gorged
• aghast
• acquitted

In the vocabulary board students can choose between coming up with their use of the vocabulary board, finding the specific example from the text, or depicting it without words.