A Star begins as a protostar. The protostar is a large ball of hydrogen and Helium gas that hasn't achieved Nuclear Fusion
The protostar gains mass as the matter it has uses gravity to pull more matter in. Once the pressure is high enough to get the core to 10 million degrees C, Nuclear Fusion can begin.
Fusion creates energy in the form of light and heat and this is where the star gets its light from. This phase is called The Main Sequence.
Once 10 Million degrees C is achieved the protons slam into eachother so hard that they get past the force of repulsion and fuse together due to the strong nuclear force.
Fusion goes on creating energy and new, heavier elements until there is no more fuel to burn. At this point it starts to cool and expand where it becomes a red or yellow super-giant.
When it is a red/yellow super-giant it sheds its out layers into space that will later form other stars, planets, and brown dwarfs.
Eventually when the star gets beg and cool enough it will collapse into itself and explode in a supernova spreading all but 10% of its mass in all directions
Black Hole
The core leftover from the supernova can collapse into a neutron star, a dense mass of neutrons that takes millions of years to cool.
The star core can also collapse into a ball of matter so dense that even light can't escape the gravitational pull called a black hole. Any thing can become a black hole when it reaches the schwarzschild radius.