In a civil case,the first step taken is for an individual to file a complaint against a person or business outlining what happened and what harm they have suffered as a result.
The next step is for the defendant to answer, or submit a legal document telling their side of the story. If there are any factors that weren't included or anything false, they say so.
In the discovery phase, both parties collect evidence to support their case like documents, witness statements, and examination of the scene.
During pre-trial discussions a judge listens to the differences between the two sides to get ready for trial. They could reach a settlement.
The trial is the legal proceeding where both sides present their case and evidence officially before the court.
The verdict is where the judge issues their (or the jury's) decision based on the facts in the case and what the law says.