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- The original traditional policy of the federal government was to regard the tribes as independent nations and wards of the president. The concentration policy was that each tribe was assigned to its own reservation by different treaties. However, as westward expansion grew, western settlers disregarded them and still took their land.
- Federal government policies against Native Americans
- Worsening the fate of the tribes was the whites' relentless slaughtering of the buffalo herds that supported the tribes' way of life. After the civil war, the demand for buffalo hides became very big as it was a new fad. The ecological changes with white settlement deiminated the buffalo.
- Decimation of the Buffalo
- In the sand creek massacre, the whites called up an army in response to attacks by native Americans. However, the governor urged all friendly Indians to congregate at army posts for protection. The U.S. army had a suprise attack on Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians along the Sandy Creek in southeastern Colorado killing men, women, and children
- Sand Creek Massacre
- The battle of little bighorn was an armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and the United States Army. The battle resulted in the Indians beating the U.S.
- Battle of Little BigHorn
- The tracking and killing of Indians became a sport to some whites which was known as Indian Hunting
- Indian Hunting
- The Sioux tribe turned to a prophet, Wovoka, who inspired a spiritual awakening. Its ghost Dance inspired ecstatic visions. Some of the vision included the retreat of whites from the plains and restoration of the great buffalo.
- Ghost Dance
- The wounded knee massacre was a massacre of almost three hundred lakota people by united states army soldiers. It started off with the army trying to round up starving and cold indians, but fighting broke out and many were killed.
- Wounded Knee
- The dawest act reduced the amount of land that the native americans could own. It eliminated tribal ownership of the land and the allotment of land to individual owneres
- Dawes Act
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