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- H
- When electrons are equally shared between atoms of a diatomic molecule or when polar bonds in a bigger molecule cancel each other out nonpolar molecules occur.
- Hydrogen and Oxygen Lewis dot diagramThis compound is called hydrogen polyoxide.Formula is H20This is a the type of compound where molecules are held together by covalent bonds.This covalent bond is polar because of the bent shape of the molecule. This bent shape means that a lot of the negative charge from the oxygen on side of the molecule and the positive charge of the hydrogen atoms is on the other side of the molecule.Water molecules in this compound are held together by Hydrogen bonds. These Hydrogen bonds are a way stronger kind of intermolecular force than the ones inside other substances. These intermolecular forces give water a high surface tension and a high heat of vaporization.
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- O
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- H
- Na + Cl = Na + Cl
- Sodium and Chlorine Lewis dot diagramThis compound is called Sodium ChlorideFormula is NaClThis is the type of compound where ionic compounds are held together by ionic bonds.This formula represents a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.This chemical compound is commonly known as salt and is an polar ionic bond This compound is polar because of the huge electronegativity difference between sodium and chlorine which is .93 and 3.16This compound contains the intermolecular force Ion-dipole force where the solid is held together by Coulomb attractions between the oppositely charged ions.
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- Fluorine is way more electronegative than hydrogen. The electrons in the bond are held much closer to fluorine, creating a dipole in the molecule. Even though both species are partially charged, this is not an ionic bond. This is a polar covalent bond.
- When there is an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms polar molecules occur.
- Fluorine is partially negative (s-)
- Polar: HF
- hydrogen is partially positive (s )
- dipole
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- Although oxygen is extremely electronegative o (O=O) is not polar. Because both atoms have the same electronegativity, electrons are shared equally between them. In order for a bond to be polar, the electronegativity difference between the 2 elements needs to be between 0.5 to 1.6. If the electronegativity difference is less than 0.5, the bond is nonpolar.
- Nonpolar:0
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- 2
- Elements that have lower ionization energy have a greater chance to form a cation meaning they have a greater ability to form ionic bonds. The factor that affects the changes in ionization energy is the effective nuclear charge. If an atom has a smaller effective nuclear charge, it has a smaller ionization energy.
- An atom with a low ionization energy reacts with an atom with high electron affinity and the electron moves.
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- Opposite charges hold atoms together. Electronegativity differences are generally greater than 1.7. The formations of ionic bonds is always exothermic.
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