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- Dad how come I look like you?
- Because of DNA son. We are all made up of genetic material that makes us who we are. We each have unique DNA that traits can pass down through.
- It is very important and your body makes new cells with DNA to replace old cells.
- How are our cells made?
- How does it work then?
- Through the cell cycle. Every cell being replaced in your body has to be the exact same.
- I'll show you at my lab.
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- The cells in our body are eukaryotic. Your cells are constantly being replaced and new cells are always being made through the cell cycle
- During the S phase of the cell cycle is when DNA is replicated.
- DNA is a double helix made of building blocks called nucleotides. nucleotides contain a nitrogen base, a deoxyribose and a phosphate. The bases are connected through a hydrogen bond and the other parts are connected with covalent bonds
- The colors in the structure represent nitrogen bases that are connected with hydrogen bonds. Nitrogen bases only fit with one other complementary base. Adenine with Thymine and Cytosine with Guanine.
- Pyrimidines are single ringed bases that go with their matching purine, or double ringed base.
- The process starts with the enzyme helicase unzipping and unwinding the DNA structure and breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases. This separates the strands and creates a replication fork.
- DNA replication is described as semi-conservative because the two separated parts that were once a double helix are used as a template strand for a new complementary strand to be created to go with each of them
- DNA polymerase adds all of the parts needed to match the single strand. The original double helix was used to make an exact copy of itself before the cell divides into two new cells
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