Children as young as 5 years old started working in industrial factories. They were viewed as obedient workers; they were paid much less than adult workers; and no laws protected them. Factory owners saved on labor costs by employing children and didn't need to worry about government regulations.
Child Labor Protests and Reformations
Children were forced to work in hot and dirty workplaces. Injuries were common because they were not provided with any clothing, gear, or training. Injured children were fired and not given any form of assistance or compensation. Horrible treatment of children in factories led to a movement to end child labor.
Robert Owen, he was an industrialist and a utopian socialist. He operated textile mills in New Lanark, Scotland, in the early 1800s. He started the movement by refusing to hire children under the age of 10. He provided workers (including children) with basic education and health care.
Due to the protests and many incidents, a series of laws were passed by Parliament throughout the 1800s. These laws restricted the number of hours children could work and made it illegal for children under the age of nine to work. These laws also placed regulations on industrial workplaces in terms of safety and cleanliness.