When the universe cooled down enough for quarks to combine and form protons and neutrons.
proton
Hadron Epoch
neutron
Protons and neutrons fused together and created nuclei, producing the first element, helium.
helium
Lepton and Nuclear Epoch
The temperature cooled down enough for electrons to latch on to the nuclei. This helped create hydrogen, the second element.
electron
Atomic Epoch
Hydrogen and helium atoms combined, with the help of gravity, to form atomic clouds that scattered the universe. These became the seeds of galaxies.
Galactic Epoch
Stars began to form inside these galaxies, due to the temperature and nuclear fusion. The cycle of stars living and dying would begin.
stellar nebula
average star
Stellar Epoch - Life cycle of a star
red giant
planetary nebula
supernova
white dwarf
blackhole
neutron star
black dwarf
Heat helped transform a lot of the helium and hydrogen into almost all of the other elements, which became the building blocks for everything else. Our solar system and sun only appeared 4.5 billion years ago.