Gautam Buddha was born in 566 BCE to King and Queen Suddhodana. His parents were warned by an astrologer that he was destined to leave the palace, so they tried to shower him with gifts, sporting opputunities and beautiful women to make him stay. At 16 he married a woman called Yashodara. He eventually got curious and left the palace.
Upon leaving the palace, he asked a man to give him a tour of th city, where he would first see a very old man. He then saw a very sick man, and finally saw a man being carried to a cremation ceremony. He realised that he and everyone he knew was destined to grow old, get sick and die, and was distraught. Gautam then met a Sage, who told him about his lifestyle of poverty and meditation. He returned to the palace and at the age of 29 left his son and wife to pursue truer happiness. He travelled until coming to a stop under a tree, where he meditated for 49 days.
After the 49 days of meditation, Siddharth achieved enlightnment at the age of 35 and became known as Buddha, or The Awakened One. He taught 5 sannyasis his beliefs and they travelled across the country helping to spread the key principles of Buddhism, known as the Noble Truth. This doctrine stated that there is suffering in the world, and that such suffering is caused only be desire, which can be eliminated by following the eight-fold path. Buddha died in the year 483 BCE.