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- TRACHEATrachea or the windpipe is like a long tube that takes the inhaled air into the further process.The walls of the trachea comprise C-shaped cartilaginous rings which give hardness to the trachea and maintain it by completely expanding.It is divided into left and right bronchi.
- BRONCHIThe trachea splits into two tubes called the bronchi, which enter each lung individually. The bronchi divide into secondary and tertiary bronchioles, and it further branches out into small air-sacs called the alveoli.
- LUNGSWithin the lungs, the passage divides into smaller and smaller balloon like structure called alveoli. The alveoli provides a surface where the exchange of gases takes place. The walls of the alveoli contain an extensive network of blood vessels.
- In the alveoli, the blood brings CO2 from the rest of the body for release into the alveoli, and the O2 in the alveolar air is taken up by blood vessels to be transported to all the cells in the body.
- During the breathing cycle, when air is taken in and let out, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air so that there is sufficient time for oxygen to be absorbed and for the carbon dioxide to be released.
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