Atomic Thoery Pt.2
Storyboard Text
- Few more decades later, Rutherford discovers a new part to the atom...
- Ernst Rutherford was a New Zealand physicist, who eventually came to be know as the "father of nuclear physics". Rutherford did one of the most revolutionar experiments of all time, the gold foil experiment. A beam of aplha particles was aimed at a piece of gold foil. Most alpha particles went through the foil as some scattered and bounced off. This demonstarted that the atom is empty space surrounding a tiny nucleas. All the empty space is filled with electrons surrounding a nucleas filled with positvely charged particles.
- There is still more to the atom! A centerpiece, a brain, it shall be known as the nucleas. This contains all of the positive charge and most of the weight of the atom. It contains protons but also neutrons, as they both have the same mass. The size of the atom can now be determined by the size of the orbit of the electrons, as there is only empty space between these two.
- Only a few decades later, Chadwick takes the journey of the atom even farther...
- From that experiment, these atoms can't only consist of protons and electrons, there must be another with a neutral charge, the particles that came out of the radiation. Aha! Since the go after proton and electron, it can be the neutron!
- In 1932, James Chadwick performed an experiment that included bombarding beryllium atoms with alpha particles. From this, an unknown radiation was produced. He proposed that this radiation was made up of particles of neutral charges with the approximate mass as a proton. This particle would come to be known as the neutron.
- As time went on, so did Niels Bohr with the atomic theory...
- Bohr proposed a theory of the atom in which the electrons are restricted to specific "allowed" orbits, the shells around the nucleas. After looking at all the past theories. he revised it and came to the conclusion that electrons are located in define shells, which surround the nucleas. Also that electrons cannot go between these shells and if they move to higher or lower shells they can gain more or less energy. Finally, electrons have less energy when close to the nucleas.
- I have designed a model to help better understand my theory which I shall call the Bohr Diagram. These electrons cannot just float and wander around the nucleas, there has to be something holding or stabalizing them. The electrons are placed on shells that surround the nucleas. Doeending on the element, the amount of electrons can very from 1 to 100.
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- How can we find the overall behaviour or location of an electron? From much trial and error, I have discovered an equation that demonstartes both those points. This shall help improve our knowledge of the atom immensly with the electrons.
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- Erwin Schrodinger was an Austrian physicist, who took the Bohr model one more level. He was the one who contributed to the wave theory of matter, involving mathematical equations. In 1926, Schrodinger used the mathematical equations that accurately showed where an electron would be and it's behaviour with energy.
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