Toussaint L'ouverture
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- Jean-Jacques Dessalines was a former Haitian slave. His master was cruel and violence became a manner he adopted in his later military life.
- In 1791 when the Haitian Revolution began Dessalines was able to escape the plantation and join Toussaint L'ouverture and slaves to rebel. Even though he was illiterate he was a quick study under Toussaint ans was given the nickname "The Tiger" because of how brutal he was in battle.
- Over the next few years as Toussaint's lieutenant and as French allies Dessalines military skills and leadership proved vital. By 1799, Dessalines had then risen to Brigadier General and in 1801 he became Toussaint's second in command.
- After Toussaint was captured ,Dessalines took over and led many battles such as The Battle of Crête-à-Pierrot and the Battle of Vertières- they were successful and caused the French to surrender. Most of the whites either died or fled and those who remained were killed when Dessalines ordered a massacre of the remaining whites.
- Dessalines as governor-general, declared independence in 1804 and changed the name from St Domingue to Haiti. He then declared himself Emperor of Haiti with the title of Jacques 1 and his wife, Claire-Heureuse, empress.
- Dessalines was assassinated in what is believed was an ambush conspired by Henri Christophe and Alexandre Pétion on October 17th, 1806 near Port-au-Prince at a location called Pont Rouge.
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