Themes, symbols, and motifs come alive when you use a storyboard. In this activity, students will identify themes and symbols from the novel, and support their choices with details from the text.
One of the novel’s key themes is the dangers of governmental overreach. When the government can communicate with you via telescreens, watch your every move, punish you for thoughtcrime, and indoctrinate children to believe nothing is more important than The Party, quality of life, the sharing of ideas, and simple things like freedom all become repressed. The government continues to maintain control of its people by making them think they are constantly at war, but no side ever wins in this war. When there is a common enemy, there is camaraderie. In addition, rather than focusing on emotions like love and tranquility, the government fires people up through exercises such as Two Minutes Hate, and Hate Week. While there is no resolution to this absolutist tyranny in the novel, it does lay out the dangers of allowing a government, political party, or dictator gain too much control over citizens’ privacy and lives.
The media reports in Oceania are all propaganda, because they are all controlled by the government. For example, Winston is sent a few short missives that come down a mysterious pneumatic tube. The first reads “times 17.3.84 bb speech malreported africa rectify.” According to Winston, his job is to go back into old news items and change them to make them true, even if they were not. In the first message, it appears that on March 17th, Big Brother had predicted a Eurasian offensive to be launched in North Africa; in reality, the offensive had been launched in South India instead. Winston must change, or “rectify” this discrepancy so that Big Brother is never incorrect. In addition to rewriting history, other propaganda includes: Ingsoc’s slogans of “War is Peace”, “Freedom is Slavery”, and “Ignorance is Strength”; large posters of Big Brother everywhere, reminding citizens they are being watched at all times; the constant stream of news telling the citizens of Oceania who they are at war with that week; entertainment is provided solely by the government; and children are indoctrinated from a very young age and even encouraged to turn in their parents for any instances of thoughtcrime.
If nothing else, this novel warns about what a society could potentially become if freedoms of thought and speech are repressed. The loss of individuality, privacy, and the complete control of thoughts, well-being, and even physical movements are highlighted as consequences of letting a dangerous government or dictatorship take control. The inability to share or debate ideas, to choose one’s marriage partner, to fall in love, and to speak freely are scary to those of us who live in free societies. Equally scary is the loss of a free media to share important information with the public, which oftentimes counters what the government would like it to say. Embracing the right to do all of these things is a reminder of how special these free societies are, and how we must do everything to protect these basic human rights.
The names of these organizations/buildings are paradoxes: the Ministry of Truth changes the truth through propaganda constantly; the Ministry of Love tortures people; the Ministry of Peace is where wars are planned; and the Ministry of Plenty is a lie because the rations for the people are always running out. The Ministries hold the truth about the government: it is one big lie. These buildings are also used to help suppress any incidents of free thought or speech.
Big Brother represents the power of the Party, and the pinnacle of the propaganda machine. It is unsure of whether or not he truly exists, since he never seems to age, and since readers are privy to what goes on at the Ministry of “Truth.” He is plastered in posters and on telescreens all over Oceania, and citizens are constantly told that “Big Brother is Watching You”, a reminder to control their thoughts and actions at all times.
For Winston, Emmanuel Goldstein’s book represents hope, a potential way to revolutionize and overthrow this oppressive government and bring back free thought and personal independence. However, once Winston actually reads the book, he feels let down because he gets a history of how Ingsoc came to be, but he doesn’t get the why it came to be, or even what can be done about it. He thinks the book will hold the key, or some answers, to solving their current predicament.
Room 101 holds everyone’s deepest fear, and it depends upon the person what that fear is. For Winston, it is rats. Room 101 is where people who have been tortured for weeks are taken to finally break their spirits completely. When Winston is faced with a cage full of angry, hungry rats coming towards his face, he tells O’Brien to do it to Julia instead. With these words, he finally gives up all of his private loyalties, and dedicates himself fully to Big Brother. Room 101 represents the broken spirit and the complete loss of free thought and speech of the people of Oceania.
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Student Instructions
Create a storyboard that identifies recurring themes in 1984. Illustrate instances of each theme and write a short description below each cell.
Guide students to identify and analyze current examples of propaganda in media, advertising, or politics. Encourage critical thinking by comparing these to examples from 1984. This helps students connect literature to real-world issues and strengthens their media literacy skills.
Select short articles, commercials, or social media posts that show persuasive messaging or biased reporting. Ensure the content is age-appropriate and diverse to represent different perspectives, making the discussion more engaging and meaningful.
Write questions like “What message is this trying to send?”, “Who might benefit from this message?”, or “How does this compare to propaganda in 1984?” Use open-ended prompts to promote deeper discussion and critical analysis.
Encourage students to share their observations and opinions while listening thoughtfully to peers. Model respectful disagreement and help students connect their insights back to themes and symbols from the novel.
Ask students to write a brief paragraph or create a simple visual summarizing what they learned about propaganda and its effects. This helps solidify understanding and allows students to express their thoughts creatively.
The main themes in 1984 include government overreach, the power of propaganda, the importance of free thought and speech, and the dangers of losing individual privacy and identity under a totalitarian regime.
Use visual tools like storyboards to help students identify, illustrate, and explain key themes and symbols from 1984. Encourage discussion and support their choices with textual evidence from the novel.
The Ministries of Truth, Love, Peace, and Plenty are paradoxes that actually represent the opposite of their names. They symbolize how the government manipulates language and truth to control its citizens.
Big Brother symbolizes the Party’s omnipresent power and constant surveillance. His image serves as a reminder to citizens that they are always being watched, enforcing conformity and obedience.
1984 warns that repressing freedom of thought and speech leads to loss of individuality, privacy, and basic human rights. The novel encourages readers to value and protect these freedoms in society.