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During the 19th and early 20th centuries, European powers set out to develop global empires and their efforts were largely successful. Imperialism reorganized international politics and had a major impact on the development of the global south.
Britain began importing opium into China in the late 1700s. By the mid 1830s, over 11 million Chinese were addicted.
Opium War
Taiping Rebellion
On to Nanjing!
Chinese officials began to seize and destroy large quantities of opium. Claiming a violation of free trade rights, Britain responded with military force. In the resulting war, China was devastated.
Chinese peasants grew increasingly frustrated with their leaders. A massive peasant army formed and struggled for over a decade for control of China. Twenty million Chinese died in this uprising.
France
Spheres of Influence
Britain
Germany
Boxer Rebellion
Seeing a weakened, vulnerable China, other nations began to move in and carve the nation into spheres of influence.
Russia
CHINA: DIVIDED
Japan
China controlled by foreigners!
A secret group, the Righteous Harmonious Fists, formed with the goal of expelling all foreigners. These "Boxers" were defeated, but a new Chinese nationalism was born.
Image Attributions:Ching Yang Temple, Chentu, China [1908] Ernest H. Wilson [RESTORED] (https://www.flickr.com/photos/ralphrepo_photolog/4131990647/) - ralphrepo - License: Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)Fisherman In Grand Canal By The East Gate, Peking, China [1907] Herbert C. White Co. [RESTORED] (https://www.flickr.com/photos/ralphrepo_photolog/4165839278/) - ralphrepo - License: Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)casablanca-Ocean waves and fishing boys (https://www.flickr.com/photos/guldem/16941494116/) - ustung - License: Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)