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- Slide: 1
- Newton's First Law - Intertia and Equillibrium
- LeNewt: That’s inertia! Objects in motion stay in motion unless acted on by a force.
- LeBucket: Why does the ball keep rolling?
- Newton's First Law states that an object remains at rest and an object that is in motion maintains its velocity unless an unbalanced force acts on it. As LeBucket passes the ball, the ball keeps rolling.
- Slide: 2
- LeBucket: “I stopped it! That’s a force acting on the ball!”
- Slide: 3
- LeBucket: This ball isn't moving at all. Why not?
- LeNewt: The forces are balanced. Gravity pulls down, and the court pushes up. It’s in equilibrium!”
- Slide: 4
- LeBucket: When I lift it, equilibrium is gone! My force moves it.
- Slide: 5
- Newton's Second Law (F=ma)
- LeBucket: Watch me pass this ball slowly.
- F = 0.5kg x 2 m/s^2 = 1N
- Newton's Second Law states that an object's acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to its mass (F=ma). In simple terms, applying more force to an object will make it accelerate faster, while a heavier object requires more force to achieve the same acceleration. Player 1 is using more force to increase the speed of their pass, demonstrating this principle.
- Slide: 6
- Player 1: Now, I'm using more force for a faster pass!
- F= 0.5kg × 6m/s^2 = 3N.
- Slide: 7
- LeBucket: This ball is so much heavier!
- F = 3kg × 5m/s^2 = 15N.
- According to Newton's Second Law (F = ma), force is directly proportional to both mass and acceleration. A heavier object, like the medicine ball (3kg), requires more force to achieve the same acceleration as a lighter object. LeBucket struggles because the large mass of the medicine ball increases the required force.
- Slide: 8
- LeBucket: But this ball is much lighter -- it's easier to move!
- F= 0.5kg × 5m/s^2 = 2.5N
- When LeBucket switches to the basketball (0.5kg), the smaller mass reduces the required force. With the same acceleration (a=5m/s^2), the force needed is F=0.5kg x 5m/s^2 = 2.5 N. This is why LeBucket finds it easier to push.
- Slide: 9
- LeBucket: Here I go - pushing down on the court!
- LeBucket applies a downward force on the court with their legs. According to Newton's Third Law, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The action force is the player pushing down on the ground, and the reaction force is the ground pushing back up with an equal magnitude.
- Slide: 10
- Newton's Third Law - Action-Reaction
- LeBucket: The court pushed me up with an equal and opposite force!
- The reaction force from the ground propels LeBucket upward. The court pushes back with a force equal to his downward push, allowing him to jump. The greater the action the action force the player applies, the higher the reaction force from the ground.
- Slide: 11
- LeNewt: I’m pushing the ball down hard.
- Slide: 12
- LeNewt: And the ground pushed it back up -- action and reaction!
- Slide: 13
- Universal Law of Gravitation
- LeNewt: This is how high I can jump on Earth!
- Fg= Gxm1xm2/r^2
- On Earth, gravity is strong because the Earth’s mass is large. This strong gravitational force pulls LeNewt and the basketball back down quickly, limiting the height of the jump.
- Slide: 14
- LeNewt: On the Moon, I jump higher because gravity is weaker!
- Because the Moon’s mass is smaller and its radius is shorter, LeNewt experiences weaker gravity, allowing them to jump higher. This directly demonstrates how gravitational force varies based on mass and distance!
- Slide: 15
- LeBucket: Right! Jupiter has more mass, so its gravitational field is stronger.
- LeNewt: The ball feels heavier on Jupiter! It has more gravity!
- Slide: 16
- LeBucket: Gravity gets weaker the farther away you are!
- LeNewt: That’s because gravitational force depends on 1/r^2. Doubling the distance makes gravity four times weaker!
- When the ball is close to the planet, r is small, so Fg is strong. As the ball moves farther, r increases, and Fg becomes much smaller because the gravitational force decreases with the square of the distance.
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