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- Democritus was a Greek philosopher who lived in 460-370 B.C.E. Democritus believed the universe consisted of empty space and atoms, which he called atomos. He also thought were invisible, and were unable to be separated.
- John Dalton lived from 1766-1844.He presented a theory that was difficult to prove that atoms can't be observed directly. Dalton's atomic theory said that elements are composed of identical atoms, and that a chemical reactions a rearrangements of other atoms into new combinations
- J.J. Thomson Lived from 1856-1940. Thomson determined that particles produce an electric current. Also that atoms have charges. Thomson created the plum pudding model which shows electrons floating in a sea of positive charges.
- Ernest Rutherford lived from 1871-1937. He developed an experiment to test the plum pudding model. Rutherford's atomic model identified the nucleus with protons. Also used clues from his experiment that electrons must orbit at some distance from the center.
- Niels Bohr lived from 1885-1962. Bohr used experiment data from emission. He believed that electrons occupy specific energy levels, and that energy levels are a specific distance from the nucleus.
- Finally, Erwin Schrodinger lived from 1887-1961. He modeled a wave equation that helped scientists to identify electrons as a particle or wave. He believed that electrons do not stay in a clean orbit, but can have a predicted zone around the nucleus.
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