The Central Dogma Stage
Storyboard Text
- Stage of the Central Dogma of the Molecular Biology
- Good morning, Francine! Do you have knowledge for our today's topic? By the way, it is The Central Dogma of the molecular biology.
- H-huh?? We already have a new topic? I didn't study! All I can recall is that it is how DNA changed to RNA to protein. Can you tell me more about it?
- DNA Replication
- Sure! But all I can remember that DNA replication has three parts: initiation, elongation, termination
- DNA Trancsription
- Transcriptions initiation begins once RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA where adenine and thymine are repeated. The process of DNA transcription cab be split into three main stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. The initiation is where Helices unzips the DNA by breaking the H-bonds at the origin making a little replication bubble.
- Okay, then. The elongation starts at one DNA stran, is read in a 3 to 5 prime direction, provides the template for the new mRNA molecule. For the termination process, all I know about that is it continues until the RNA polymerase encounters a stop sequence. At this point, transcription stops, and the RNA polymerase releases the DNA template.
- Do you remember what happened in the elongation process?
- uhm, sadly, no.. can you tell me about it? add the termination process also.
- DNA Transcription
- I am now getting our new topic. How exciting! We still have one process, right? THE DNA Translation?
- Yes. May I continue? By the way, Francine, we need to prepare for upcoming exam. Listen carefully okay? hehe
- DNA Translation
- Now there is only Translation left. So, what happens here?
- Let's go first with the replication. So, in replication, there are three major steps. First step is: where the double helix are opened and also, here is where the separation of DNA stands. Second step is: during separation, the two strands of DNA double helix uncoil at a specific location called the origin. Another information, several enzymes and proteins work together to prepare the strands for duplication.Third step is: the special enzyme called DNA polymerase organizes the assembly of the new DNA strands. And, that's all for the process of DNA Replication.
- DNA Translation
- Finally I think I'm getting it there is only one more step.
- First, it starts with Initiation which is pretty easy to remember. There is a ribosome made of two smaller parts which bind onto the cap from the mRNA looking for a start codon (AUG). Then elongation begins where enzymes match the anticodon of a tRNA. Then the tRNA connects to the mRNA and the ribosomal subunit making subunit-mRNA-tRNA. Now the polypeptide chain can form. Now the mRNA has to move across the ribosome's 3 sites: E, P and S starting at the P-site. As each tRNA gets its anticodon the mRNA will add to the A-site. This causes sort of a chain reaction where the amino acids formed make peptide bonds with each other after the tRNA drops them at the E-site. This makes a long peptide chain!!!
- Yes, all the best for the upcoming exam! See ya!
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