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- Helloo!! I'm Ellenuelle S. Diazfrom humms -2 gardner
- Today lets discuss aboutEVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLITICS
- P R E - S P A N I S H E R A
- The Philippines was divided into numerous barangays, or tiny states, during the pre-Spanish era, which were linked by regional trade networks.The word "barangay" is assumed to derive from the word "balangay," which refers to the boats that Austronesian people used to enter the Philippines.
- Sulu was the first big state to adopt Islam in the 15th century, The Sultanate of Maguindanao and the Kingdom of Maynila soon adopted the system.
- In 1565, Spanish Captain-General Miguel López de Legazpi founded a town in Cebu. In 1571, Maynila was conquered, and Manila became the seat of Spanish government. Although full authority over some Muslim communities in the south and the Cordillera highlands was never achieved, Spain progressively controlled the majority of the modern Philippines.
- In the Philippines, Spain built a centralized colonial administration consisting of a national government and local governments that governed provinces, cities, towns, and municipalities.
- Between 1800 and 1860, 24 governors were appointed to the Philippines due to political turbulence in Spain.The Spanish had more success in the south, where they took control of the seas and beaches and forced the Sultanate of Sulu to capitulate in 1878.
- Spanish rulers shut down established trading networks, directing all trade to Spanish territories in the New World. Despite increased commercial activity, the archipelago remained split by regional identity and language. Some parts, such as much of Mindanao, the Sulu archipelago, and Palawan, remained outside of effective Spanish control. Throughout the Spanish period, there was fighting between these territories and the Spanish.
- Barangays were incorporated into metropolitan towns under Spanish authority, which helped with control.The barangay structures were preserved (and dubbed barrio) and utilized to document communal identity.
- Philippine Politics During Spanish Era
- The Philippines were colonized by the United States for 48 years. It began with Spain's cession of the Philippines to the United States in 1898 and lasted until 1946, when the United States recognized Philippine independence.
- The three-year Philippine-American War that followed claimed the lives of nearly 4,200 American and 20,000 Filipino soldiers. Violence, starvation, and disease claimed the lives of up to 200,000 Filipino citizens. The decision to annex the Philippines by US policymakers was not without opposition at home.
- The American period is one of the pivotal periods in the development of our Philippine literary tradition. During this time, a vibrant language, English, was introduced as a necessary instrument for literature and communication.
- Education became a crucial concern for the colonial authority of the United States because it allowed them to transmit their cultural ideals, notably the English language, to the Filipino people. The formation of a national identity and Filipino nationalism is aided by instruction in the English language and American history.
- American Era
- The Commonwealth of the Philippines' Constitution established a presidential system of government with a unicameral legislature. Through the National Assembly, it had the power to enact Commonwealth Acts for the Philippines.
- Apart from a period of exile during WWII, when Japan occupied the Philippines from 1942 to 1945, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was the governmental organization that controlled the Philippines from 1935 to 1946.
- Tenant farmers' problems during the Commonwealth period were frequently rooted in debt caused by the sharecropping system, as well as the huge growth in population, which put economic pressure on tenant farmers' families. As a result, the Commonwealth began an agrarian reform initiative.
- The Tydings-McDuffie Act, commonly known as the Philippine Commonwealth and Independence Act, was enacted in 1934 and was set to take effect on July 4, 1946, following a 10-year transitional phase of Commonwealth rule.
- COMMONWEALTH ERA
- The Philippines' independence was a huge accomplishment. On Independence Day, national heroes' sacrifices are commemorated, the country's sovereignty is respected, citizens are instilled with nationalism, and the culture and tradition of the people are celebrated.
- During World War II, the islands were occupied by the Japanese in 1942, and US soldiers and Filipinos fought together to reclaim sovereignty in 1944-45. The Republic of the Philippines gained independence on July 4, 1946.
- After more than 300 years of Spanish colonial authority, the Philippine Revolution (1896–98) revealed the weaknesses of Spanish administration but failed to remove Spaniards from the islands.
- The Treaty of Paris brought an end to the Spanish-American conflict, stating that Spain would relinquish the Philippines in exchange for the archipelago becoming a US territory. Because Filipinos were not consulted, the battle for independence turned against the United States.
- INDEPENDENCE ERA
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