It was not long before the Franks began to accept the leadership of a government official known as the "Mayor of the Palace." The Mayor was a noble and the most important official of the king's household. As the Frankish kings grew weaker the Mayors took over many of their duties. In time, the Mayors were conducting wars, giving out land, and settling disputes.
Charles Martel lead the Franks and defeated an army of Arabs and Berbers who had conquered Spain in 711. The Franks victory at the Battle of Tours enabled Christianity to survive in western Europe.
When Charles Martel died, his son Pepin became Mayor of the Palace. With the help of the Pope and most Frankish nobles, Pepin removed the king and started a new dynasty. Pepin was the first Frankish king to be anointed by the Pope. Pepin led a group into Italy, defeated the Lombards, and gave the land they held in central Italy to the Pope.
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