Cleopatra
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- Cleopatra: Who Was She?
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- Cleopatra was more than her looks. She was highly educated, and according to Roman historian Plutarch, she spoke nine languages!
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- Tensions rose until war broke out between the siblings.
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- When Julius Caesar was assassinated and war broke out in Rome, Cleopatra sent a naval force she commanded herself to help avenge his death.
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- But this did not go over well back in Rome, where Caesar's adopted son and triumvir Octavian spread propaganda about Mark Antony and Cleopatra in an attempt to illegitimize Caesarion's claim to the Roman throne. Many of the popular tales of Cleopatra originate in this time period, where she was depicted as a conniving seductress and barbarian foreigner.
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- War between Mark Antony and Cleopatra and their allies and Octavian began. It ended with Octavian's invasion of Egypt. Because she believed her kingdom would survive without him, Cleopatra convinced Mark Antony to end his own life.
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- She discovered that rather than being left alone to rule her kingdom, Octavian would present her in a triumph. Rather than let herself be paraded around Rome in Octavian's dehumanizing triumph, Cleopatra chose to end her life, thereby ending the Ptolemaic dynasty.
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- Cleopatra was more than just the beautiful queen of Egypt. She was intelligent, determined, cunning, and a leader who reshaped the Ancient Mediterranean. When we remember her now, we should remember Cleopatra's complexity as a human being rather than Cleopatra as just a symbol of ancient beauty.
- Source: Cleopatra: A Biography by Duane W. Roller
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- Queen Cleopatra is taught about in classrooms all over the world today, and even makes an appearance in films as the queen of Egypt who captured Julius Caesar and Mark Antony's hearts. But who was she really?
- Cleopatra ascended to the throne when she was 18 years old in 51 BCE. But because she was a woman, her 10-year-old brother Ptolemy XIII was made to rule alongside her.
- In 48 BCE, Julius Caesar arrived from Rome to help resolve the conflict and placed Cleopatra on the throne after deposing her brother.
- Throne secured, Cleopatra dedicated her efforts to stabilizing the kingdom after bearing her son by Julius Caesar, who she named Caesarion.
- Because she proved herself to be a great Roman ally, Mark Antony, one of Rome's triumvirs, granted her holdings across the Levant and Asia Minor and designated her children as rulers of the region in 34 BCE.
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