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- hello guys today we are going to talk about the immune system and how it defends the body
- the first line of defense is non specific and it consists of; sweat, tears, saliva, cilia and mucus and stomach acid
- the immune system has 3 lines of defense
- the second line of defense consists of phagocytes, leukocytes,fever, inflammatory response, protective proteins, interferon, natural killer cells and non specific immune responses and each of them plays a huge role in protecting the body
- The third and last line of defense is the specific specific defense
- The primary defence against infectious disease are the surface barriers that prevent pathogens from entering the body,These surface barriers include intact skin (protect external boundaries) and mucous membranes (protect internal boundaries), Both the skin and mucous membranes release chemical secretions which restrict the growth of microbes on their surfaces, If pathogens cannot enter the host body, they cannot disrupt normal physiological functions and cause disease
- It consists of T and B lymphocytes and the specific immune response
- The second line of defence against infection are the non-specific cellular and molecular responses of the innate immune system and These defences do not differentiate between different types of pathogen and respond the same way upon every infection. Phagocytic leukocytes migrate to infection sites and engulf foreign bodies (dendritic cells then present antigens to lymphocytes) ,Inflammatory responses increase capillary permeability at infected sites, recruiting leukocytes but leading to localised swelling and Antimicrobial proteins (such as cytokines and complement proteins) regulate immune activity within the body.Also,Fever increases body temperatures to activate heat-shock proteins and suppress microbial growth and propagation and lastly interferon are released from viral infected cells to healthy cells; and prevent their infection by viruses
- And after the process of Antigen presentation happens this activates T helper which makes them release cytokines which are chemicals secreted by cells in the immune system to activate other cells
- also when T killer cells are activated they attack viral infected cells and destroy them and when this is over all of the producedf B and T cells are destroyed but leaving behind some memory cells which will help with faster reaction to the pathogen if it infects the body again#160;
- after cytokines are released they cause the activation of both B cells which differentiate into plasma cells releasing antibodies
- How active immunity works is that,phagocytosis is a mechanism by which microorganisms can be contained, killed and processed for antigen presentation;and represents a vital facet of the innate immune response to pathogens, and plays an essential role in initiating the adaptive immune response.
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