In late June 1863, After a victory over the Union army of the Potomac, General Robert E. Lee led his confederate northern Virginia army into Pennsylvania.
Early morning July 1st, 1863, both the northern Virginia army and the federal defenders met and fought the Virginian army was able to drive the defenders to Cemetery Hill. This attack was led by General A.P Hill and Richard Ewell. Although Robert E. Lee told Ewell to attack Cemetery Hill he did not because the position was too strong. That was a mistake because by dusk the union reinforcements led by Winfield Scoot Hancock showed up.
On July 2nd, the day after, In the morning General Lee order one general to flank left and the other to flank right. The union was able to hold their ground though. Both sides losing in total about 35,000 men.
On July 3rd, after the 7 hour attack, union regained control of the hill. Around 3:00 pm George Pickett led a charge of about 15,000 men to attack the union. But, the union had prepared and flanked Pickett and his army. He lost about 2/3 of his men and they had to fall back.
After this failed attack the confederates had lost about 28,000 men while the union lost about 23,000. Thus, this battle turned the tides of the Civil War.
On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address. “From these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
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