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- Characterized by different genres such as: oral traditions, epic poems, creation myths, songs, and poetry. Native American literature was well established long before European settlers arrived. Recently, authors like Sherman Alexie have revived the tradition, with insightful stories about life on reservations.
- Native American (Before 1600)
- Motivated by a desire to 'purify' the Church of England with the simple worship of God, Puritans left to colonize the New World. As settlers, they recorded their experiences through diaries and historical accounts.
- Puritanism or Colonial (1620-1750)
- Consisting mostly of philosophers and scientists, Enlightenment writers sought to understand the world around them through reason and deduction, rather than faith. Types of literature of this period was frequently satirical and skeptical.
- Revolutionary, Age of Reason, Enlightenment (1750-1800)
- This era valued feeling, intuition, and idealism. It placed faith in interior experience and imagination. Individual freedom and worth were paramount, and poetry was seen as the highest expression of the mind. The Dark Romantics, or American Gothic writers, combined these values with dark supernatural themes and settings.
- Romanticism, Dark Romanticism, Anti-Transcendentalism, American Gothic1800-1865
- Transcendentalists advocated self-reliance and individualism over authority and conformity to tradition, believing institutions and organizations were responsible for corrupting the inherent goodness of people. In their poetry, drama and prose writing, transcendentalists commonly reflected on nature, a unified “divine spirit”, common to all people, and community.
- Transcendentalism1840-1860
- As America suffered from growing pains, this movement was marked by feelings of disillusionment. Familiar types of literature subjects included ghettos of rapidly growing cities, the Industrial Revolution, and corrupt politicians. Authors focused on painting a realistic setting of everyday life and ordinary people, including local color, while also seeking to explain human behavior.
- Realism Naturalism Regionalism 1865-1930
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