The French Revolution in 1789 inspired Haitian slaves, especially with its "Declaration of the Rights of Man." In 1791, France gave citizenship to wealthy Black people, angering the petit blancs in Haiti. Tensions grew, leading to small fights and planting the seeds for the Haitian Revolution.
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Slaves revolt, 1791
In 1791, tensions in Haiti led to conflict. Former slave Toussaint Louverture led a rebellion of enslaved people against the planters, sparking the Haitian Revolution. In August, thousands of slaves revolted, killing many whites as they fought for freedom and control of the island.
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Rising rebels, 1792-93
By 1793, a third of the island of Saint Domingue was controlled by angry rebels. Despite reinforcements from France, the area of which is controlled by hateful rebels grew, as did the violence and gore. When the French and British forces arrived in Haiti, they were quickly staved off by Louverture’s men.
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Slavery aborted, 1794
WE'RE FREE!!
By 1794, rebel slaves had overpowered the whites in St. Domingue, catching France's attention. Facing wars with Spain and Britain, France abolished slavery to win Toussaint Louverture's support, which he agreed to.
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Louverture Captured! 1802
In 1802, Napoleon sent his brother-in-law, Charles Leclerc, with a fleet to re-establish slavery in St. Domingue. The French forces succeeded in parts of the island and captured Louverture, who later died in prison. However, the revolution continued under a young general, Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
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Battle of Vertieres, 1803
The Battle of Vertières was the final battle of the Haitian Revolution, ending with the slaves' victory over the French. Led by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, the rebels defeated Rochambeau’s last counterattack. A storm marked the French defeat, sealing the loss of St. Domingue, once the world's richest colony.
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