The social stratification of St. Domingue was based on skin colour. The cause for the revolution was a social one. The structure consisted of (from highest to lowest) - The Whites, Mulattoes, Free Blacks, Enslaved.
Whites
The Hierarchy
Mulattoes
Free Blacks
The Enslaved
May 1791 - The National Assembly called that all men of any colour (born of free parents) should be equal with equal political say. Though only 400 mulattoes qualified, the White Assembly refused the proposal which made the mulattoes annoyed.
No! We're higher than them. I refuse this!
We have rights too! My parents should be free! This is unfair.
Equal with Equal political rights? Yes! Thank you!
Boukman, a slave leader, led the blacks in revolt. They massacred 2000 white men, women and children. 10000 slaves and mulattoes were killed and the revolt quickly spread. 1 month later, Toussaint L'Overture led the slaves in a revolt.
THE MULATTOES AND SLAVES REVOLT. 'THE CAULDRON OF HATRED EXPLODED.'
The National Assembly changed it to the mulattoes having equal rights with the whites in September 1791. But, the mulattoes united against the slaves. Then, the National Assembly reversed that policy - again, making it where the mulattoes did not have equal rights. So, the mulattoes united with the slaves against the whites.
Yes you are.
That was a joke. No, you're not.
The whites got another group against us!
We're equal with the whites? Finally, yay!
Unfair! We'll unite with the slaves and revolt!
The slaves and mulattoes fought, wanting the get their freedom and become their own masters. They united against the whites and fought. They were going to achieve freedom and fought their best to get it. Their leader, Toussaint L'Ouverture, majorly contributed to the revolution.
I, Toussaint L'Ouverture, will fight for freedom!
I am my own Master! Revolt! Revolt! Revolt!
Again, the National Assembly reversed the policy where mulattoes are equal with whites. To enforce it, they sent three commissioners, one of them, Sonthonax, who tried to support the groups under one condition. The planters refused, the mulattoes refused and to get the support of the slaves now, Sonthonax freed them. This created a 'black terror' in St. Domingue.
You're equal with us again.
Yay! We're equal again. Well, we will counterattack the slaves.
Let's unite against Sonthonax because he freed all the slaves.
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