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- On June 24, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on Berlin, halting all land travel into the city from the Allied occupation zones. The Soviets believed that the Berlin Blockade would force the Allies to give up either Berlin or their plans for a West German state.The Berlin Airlift kept the hopes of the city's 2 million residents alive and became a symbol of the West's commitment to resisting communist expansion.The Berlin Blockade was an attempt in 1948 by the Soviet Union to limit the ability of the United States, Great Britain and France to travel to their respective sectors of the city of Berlin.
- In 1949, the United States, Canada, and 10 countries of Western Europe formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).NATO members agreed to a plan for collective security. They pledged to consider an attack on any member as an attack on all and formed a standing army to defend Western Europe in the event of a Soviet invasion. The United States played a key role in NATO, providing money, troops, and leadership. NATO safeguard the Allies' freedom and security by political and military means.
- Under the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania joined forces for mutual defense. NATO and Warsaw Pact members began to see each other as enemies. Europe was now formally divided into two armed camps. By 1955, two military alliances-the Warsaw Pact and NATO-had further divided Europe. On one side were the Soviet-backed states of Eastern Europe. On the other were the non- communist states of Western Europe.
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